- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- Minerals
- Vitamins
- Water
- Roughage
Carbohydrates
- Elements – Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
- 1 gm – 17 KJ or 4.1 Kcal energy
- Main source of energy provider
- Supplied to tissues as GLUCOSE (Blood Sugar)
- Types :
Monosaccharides : Glucose, Fructose, Glactose
Disaccharides : Sucrose, Lactose
Polysaccharides : Starch - Fructose : The sweetest sugar (Fruit, Honey)
- Excess sugar stored as glycogen in liver (glycogenesis)
- Left sugar converted into fat and stored as adipose tissue in various part of body (lipogenesis)
- Source : Rice, Wheat, Maize etc
Fats
- Fats energy = 2.25 * Carbohydrate energy
- Lipase digests fats – fatty acids + glycerol
- Types :
Saturated fatty acids : Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acids : Liquid at room temperature - Saturated fat : ghee, butter
- Unsaturated fat : vegetable oils
- Excess of saturated fats causes Arteriosclerosis (hard arteries)
- Hydrogenation : Process by which unsaturated fatty acids are converted into saturated fatty acids
- Requirement : 50 gms per day